International Coastal Clean-up Reaction Paper Essays

Worldwide Coastal Clean-up Reaction Paper Essays Worldwide Coastal Clean-up Reaction Paper Essay Worldwide Coastal Clean-up Reaction Paper Essay Worldwide Coastal Clean-up Reaction Paper Sea Conservancy’s International Coastal Cleanup is the world’s biggest willful endeavor for ocean’s wellbeing. Every twelvemonth. 1000s of voluntaries from around the Earth take part. uncluttering dozenss of waste from coastlines. streams and lakes and entering each bit of trash gathered. On a delightful. hot. radiant and a little spot showery Saturday. we took an interest in the Annual International Coastal Cleanup at Freedom Island close to the Manila-Cavite Expressway. It began at 8:00 am and was acceptable composed. We brought our ain packs. baseball gloves and even sticks to get the garbage with. We watched the sea shore searching for litter and discovered predominantly little pieces like jug tops. final resting place nail butts. places. shoes. plastics and froths. It was disheartening to perceive how much plastic you truly find on a relatively spotless sea shore. I can non accept of a superior topographic point to be than on the sea shore and took the self-sufficiency of taking dunks in the ocean to chill off each now thus so it scarcely felt comparative work at all and the majority of all. it felt great to help out. We cleaned for a decent two hours and at late morning. we were offered drinks and taken an interest in a gathering presentation for memory and affirmation plans. We are completely associated with the sea. Furthermore, we’re all answerable for the refuse we desert. regardless of whether we intend to or non. We joined this planetary movement that is offering back to the sea. spent simply one twenty-four hours of taking garbage from our sea shores and conduits. I can non accept of a superior topographic point to be than on the sea shore and took the self-governance of taking dunks in the ocean to chill off each now thus so it scarcely felt comparable work at all and the majority of all. it felt great to help out. We cleaned f or a decent two hours and at early afternoon. we were offered drinks and taken an interest in a gathering introduction for memory and confirmation plans. We are completely associated with the sea. What's more, we’re all liable for the waste we desert. regardless of whether we intend to or non. We joined this planetary movement that is offering back to the sea. spent just one twenty-four hours of taking waste from our sea shores and conduits. I can non accept of a superior topographic point to be than on the sea shore and took the self-sufficiency of taking dunks in the ocean to chill off each now thus so it scarcely felt comparative work at all and the vast majority of all. it felt great to help out. We cleaned for a decent two hours and at late morning. we were offered drinks and taken part in a gathering introduction for memory and accreditation goals. We are completely associated with the sea. What's more, we’re all answerable for the trash we desert. regardless of whether we intend to or non. We joined this planetary movement that is offering back to the sea. spent simply one twenty-four hours of taking trash from ou r sea shores and conduits. I can non accept of a superior topographic point to be than on the sea shore and took the self-governance of taking dunks in the ocean to chill off each now thus so it scarcely felt comparative work at all and the vast majority of all. it felt great to help out. We cleaned for a decent two hours and at late morning. we were offered drinks and taken an interest in a gathering presentation for memory and confirmation plans. We are totally associated with the sea. What's more, we’re all liable for the garbage we desert. regardless of whether we intend to or non. We joined this planetary movement that is offering back to the sea. spent simply one twenty-four hours of taking waste from our sea shores and conduits.

Data Acquisition - Urban regenration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Information Acquisition - Urban regenration - Essay Example London City air terminal is situated in the eastern piece of London. It is between the Royal Albert Dock and the King George V Dock, two enormous docks that were worked for substantial transportation and in a moderately populated zone. It is additionally near the Royal Victoria Dock. The redevelopment venture will build the size of the air terminal and the quantity of trips to the air terminal. It would likewise have great contamination, waste, and clamor controls. There are plans to broadly expand the volume of open transportation to and structure the air terminal. This would ideally diminish the volume of car traffic and the requirement for a huge street framework. The arrangement is to fabricate a bigger air terminal that will work well for airplane however will likewise not harm the encompassing neighborhoods, docks, or stream with over the top contamination or traffic. To do this undertaking, an assortment of helpful overviews will be utilized. These incorporate a flying review, an image of the completed air terminal, a geographical overview, a hydrographic study, a recorded study, a land study, and an arranging study. These studies have some significance, however a portion of the reviews are more helpful for the undertaking than others. A portion of these studies are indispensable, some helpful, and others less valuable. The flying overview is helpful to the venture. It gives a visual photo of the region around the air terminal. It uncovers the entirety of the landforms, structures, and land utilizes around London City Airport. This is an extremely valuable overview. On the off chance that there are tall structures, radio towers, mountains, or slopes in the zone around the air terminal it will be exceptionally hard for planes to take off or land at the air terminal and a high danger of plane accidents. This could make the venture be unfeasible. On the off chance that there are private neighborhoods close to the air terminal they could be unfavorably influenced by the clamor from the airplane. Any occupied land that is near the air terminal may must be purchased

How to do everything wrong and still get into MIT, part deux

How to do everything wrong and still get into MIT, part deux According to my hit counter as well as by raw comment count, my entry on how I got here is the most popular thing Ive ever written. Therefore, even though sequels are often worse than originals (except perhaps in the case of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II wait, are you all too young for TMNT?), I decided to profile my endlessly put-upon boyfriend, Adam 07, and his admissions story. (Well, that and I took a thermo test today, and I was planning to write about tests. But Laura beat me to it.) Adam is what we like to call an airplane nerd. He likes to design them, build them, and fly them (guess who the cameraperson was on that video? Oh, it was me). Hes had a UROP in the Aerospace Controls Laboratory since his freshman year, and has been working at Draper Labs since the beginning of this summer and hes been told by one of the professors in the Aero/Astro department that hes one of the best undergrads to come through the department in the past decade. That doesnt mean he was one of those knock-your-socks-off prospectives. Although Adam was by no means a slouch in the classroom he was valedictorian of his 248-person high school class, and the first male valedictorian in 10 years hes not a standardized test taker. He took the SAT I three times, and even after the third time, his best combined score was a 710 in math and a 690 in verbal, giving him a not-particularly-spectacular combined score of 1400. (Note that he didnt get those two scores together the time he got a 710 in math, he actually got a 600 on verbal. But lucky for all of us, the MIT Admissions Office is staffed with wise, kind people who only consider scores that present the applicant in the best light.) His SAT IIs in math and science were more respectable he got a 750 in Math IIc and a 750 in physics and a 450 in writing. (Note: Adam and I are always warring about whos a better writer, and I just took the opportunity to razz him about his writing score, since I got a 790 on the writing SAT II. Me: Does that mean Im twice as good at writing as you are? Adam: Well, youre definitely not twice as good at math!) During his summers, Adam didnt have any fancy research internships or go to any summer camps; he worked for his dads construction business. He built some pretty nice roofs. He also built some nice rockets he and his dad like to fly R/C airplanes together, and when he was in high school they liked to make rockets, too. (Read: blow things up.) Adam was involved pretty extensively in his extracurriculars. He was a varsity cross-country and track runner for his high school, and was captain of the cross-country team his senior year. He was also a varsity mathlete, but he assures me that he was definitely a better track star than mathlete. Moreover, Adam has been a competitive freestyle skiier since he was thirteen at the time he applied, he was nationally ranked, and by the time he was accepted, he had been to Junior Olympics. (Adam: Tell them I got 21st [at Junior Olympics] my first year, and ask if theyve seen me on ESPN.) Adam discovered MIT during his sophomore year of high school, when he placed at the Massachusetts State Science Fair. The fair is held every year at MIT, and Adams award (a trip to a NASA shuttle launch) was presented to him by one of the aero/astro faculty members who has ended up being one of his closest faculty mentors. (Awww.) Adam swears that after the launch, he decided he wanted to come to MIT. (I am not entirely sure I believe this. After all, his childhood room is covered in things that fly planes hanging from the ceiling, pictures of rockets on the wall and I cant imagine he hadnt dreamed of MIT for a long time, considering hes from Massachusetts. I guess maybe after the science fair, he decided it was actually possible.) Once again, I reiterate: the successful MIT application doesnt require perfect test scores, or research experience, or being a National AP Scholar, or world domination in integration bees. The successful MIT application requires passion, and, luckily, you get to define passion on your own terms.

Social And Ecological Responsibility Of Business - 1528 Words

Introduction Business ethics in global economic can simply define in terms of social and ecological responsibility of business. According to these definitions, business ethics requires that business decisions should not focused on some of the socioeconomic and cultural of the decision, but also counterproductive in certain socioeconomic. This means that people who work in the business world should consider how their economic decisions affect others people, society, and even the environment. Doing business in China While talking about business ethics in China, we may find some differences in between the Western models. China, of course, is a developing country, and the culture has undergone various changes over recent years. Most†¦show more content†¦This scandal was especially embarrassing to the Sanlu group because it was purportedly such a quintessence of virtue that earned exempt from government food safety inspections since December 2005. The Sanlu Group s infant formula was certified as a national free-inspection product for three years by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection, and Quarantine (AQSIQ). This certification means that such products exempted from quality monitoring and inspection conducted by the government, and can be added in the award on behalf of outstanding brands. However, the scandal exposed Sanlu failed to detect the chemical Melamine in its baby milk powder formula, but also failed to explain why it did not publ icly reveal the problem immediately but until September 2008. The incident became public only after Fonterra, The Sanlu s New Zealand partner, which holds three seats on the company board. Fonterra informed New Zealand diplomats and reported to the Chinese government officials in Beijing of the problem. This incident shocked the world and pointed to a deeper inquiry in Chinese society where confidential profit often trumps the community as the country races to create a market economy that has outstripped government regulators. The Sanlu Group not only damaged the reputation of China s food exports, but also destroyed the foundation of domestic dairy industry, leading to losing people s confidence in food

The Emigration Of The Industrial Revolution Essay

When the Industrial Revolution began, it quickly mechanized the working class s way of life. It transitioned the working world especially in industries like farming, mining, factories, and many other sectors of the economy. To fuel these growing industries, many people migrated from more rural areas to cities, although often new city residents were immigrants, like German, Irish, British, Scandinavian, and Polish people who were seeking better lives for various oppression-related reasons. The influx of immigrants was huge, and fueled a rampant spread of nativism. â€Å"The immigrant tide swelled rapidly: 8400 in 1820, 23,000 in 1830, 84,000 in 1840, and 310,000 in 1850.†(Wyatt 104) This nativism was a response to the increased competition for work which stemmed from this growth in immigrant populations. These coveted jobs could be very dangerous, however. The number of combined work-related injuries were sky-high, and many workers didn t survive very long. Farming and mining had the highest growth rates of all the industries – so of course some of the highest amounts of injuries.â€Å"...The production increases for industries such as cotton and iron...are far higher than for other industries: output rose by one hundredfold or more.†(More 3) The growth was self-explanatory, everyone needs clothes, household goods, and money. New scientific discoveries and engineering developments prompted drastic changes in daily life for folks. A huge change in farming began at this time -Show MoreRelatedThe Steam Engine839 Words   |  4 Pagesmathematics through discoveries in Calculus. Although this played significant roles in the scientific discoveries, it did not supersede the most important discovery of our time, the steam engine. This machine served as the main driver of the Industrial Revolution. I hereby speak in favor of the notion that this invention, the steam engine, is the most important creation in the history of man. Natural power had been harnessed since the dawn of time to perform extraneous duties. Examples of these areRead MoreEcon 515 Essay765 Words   |  4 Pagesindustrialization. List 3 negative consequences of industrialization. Did British Standards of Living rise 1800-1850? Why or Why not? How about after 1850? 4. What do data on wages tell us about changes in the standard of living during the Industrial Revolution? How about changes in consumption? In what way does looking at biological measures tell a different story? 5. (NOTE: NUMBERS MAY CHANGE ON EXAM!) Suppose the U.S. can produce 100 pairs of shoes or 1,000 lines of computer code perRead MoreProfessor Gorman. History 313. 30 March 2017. Immigration1972 Words   |  8 Pagesinto what it is today. Without immigrants, this country would had never enhanced from the industrial revolution and created an uprising in the economy. People came to the Americas from all over the world seeking opportunity and a change in their lives, however not all of them were accustomed to assimilating to the cultural standards. One ethnicity had started their migration progress through their own revolution and the selling of part of their lands. The United States’ action of purchasing Alaska fromRead MoreThe Social Conditions Of The 19th Century Essay1320 Words   |  6 Pagesthe French and Industrial Revolutions. These world changing events are mostly causing plagues for the working class. These 19th century conditions cause the people to revolt aga inst the social reforms of the existing world and reveal the need for a new social structure. The newly emerging Industrial revolution results in a shift within economic classes, which are the bourgeoisie and proletariat. The 19th century’s conditions are a result of the Industrial Revolution, French Revolution, and UrbanizationRead MoreThe Start of Americas Industrial Revolution Essay1748 Words   |  7 PagesThe Industrial Revolution did not start simultaneously around the world, but began in the most highly civilized and educated country in Western Europe – England. An empire like Great Britain was able to prevent the flow of new technology and experienced technicians to its colonies even while new machinery, like the spinning shuttle and the spinning jenny, was being used to develop textile manufacturing at home in England. The British Parliament was able to control its territories through laws andRead MoreWhen Industry Meets the Environment Essay1475 Words   |   6 Pagesdegradation of the natural environment. The industrial revolution began in Britain in 1760 (Griffin). Many historians claim this happened because of a civil unrest in the country, which transformed into a movement (Landes). Civil unrest stemmed from the poor living condition and the poverty within the area. This also happened because new technologies emerged, creating a new push for a commercial way of life. The largest component of the revolution was the use of machines instead of doing work byRead MoreIndustrial Revolution Imagine a country side, the rolling hills, and small cottages that scatter1500 Words   |  6 PagesIndustrial Revolution Imagine a country side, the rolling hills, and small cottages that scatter throughout the land. A rural life in England, while something new was approaching the once serene world. This was a new world that was defined by steel and coal. Life in the western part of the world changed forever. In Great Britain the Industrial Revolution began. It brought power driven machinery and factory organization, which led to rapid development of communication, transportation, and urbanizationRead MoreApush Ch 91650 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Chapter 9: Economic Transformation, 1820-1860 Section 1: The American Industrial Revolution How did American textile manufactures compete with British manufactures? How successful were they? American textile manufactures were at an advantage compared to British manufactures, and they were very successful. America persuaded Britain to prohibit the export of textile machinery and the emigration of mechanics. Yet, still many British mechanics migrated over to the United States because they were luredRead MoreBackground to Irish Nationalist Movement Nineteenth Century Since the application of the Act of900 Words   |  4 Pagesresentment that had developed because of British rule within Ireland. Resentment was born out of hatred for the alien leadership that the Irish nation had to adhere to, this hatred was heightened due to the poverty The underlying causes of the revolution that happened in Ireland at the beginning of the twentieth century stem from vast injustices that the Irish people suffered at the hand of British rule. ‘For the history of nineteenth-century Ireland is more than a prologue to the events of theRead MoreEuropean Nations And Its Impact On The United States947 Words   |  4 Pagestechnology that dramatically reduced the prevalence of waterborne diseases,† the mortality rate dramatically decreases. â€Å"From 1750 to 1850, despite extensive emigration to America, the British population grew from roughly six million to twenty million† supplying the large, low-cost labor force that Britain needed for its Industrial Revolution. Britain’s land contained vast resources such as iron and coal. The iron was used to build machines, ships and railroads that provided the transportation system

How can an effective PR campaign sell your products Free Essays

Introduction Effective Public Relations has never been more in need, small businesses and big businesses alike are continually feeling the pinch in today’s economic climate. With cutbacks and redundancies happening regularly across the board, clever PR tactics are NEEDED in place of expensive advertising campaigns. Advertising is in principal, a method of ‘paying to blow your own trumpet’ whereas Public Relations is a process of receiving a third party endorsement for your product. We will write a custom essay sample on How can an effective PR campaign sell your products? or any similar topic only for you Order Now In other words, Public Relations is used to build rapport with customers, employees, voters, investors or the general public. Definition of Public relations. At the most basic level, public relations (PR) simply means managing relations with one’s public(s). A â€Å"public† is any group of people who are important to the well-being of a person, group, organisation or business. For example, a company’s publics might include customers, employees, investors, and local businesses and communities. On the other hand a non-profit organisation’s publics might include members, donors, volunteers, and society at large. Writing a press release Writing an effective press release is the most important part of an effective PR campaign. In order to write an effective press release you need to first have a product to write about. Enthusiasm for said product is an important factor; if the person writing the article is not enthusiastic about the product this will come across to the reader and potentially lessen the effectiveness of the article. To begin with, a catchy headline is paramount; think about what makes the product stand out in comparison to similar products already in the market. Your headline is the first tool required in order to captivate your reader, if the title is clear and interesting then your reader will WANT to read on to find out more. Secondly, you will need a good introduction; this is key as it will outline the topic and intention of your article. Here you can use your enthusiasm about the product so that your reader can also feel the same energy. Thirdly, you will need the body of your article. This is w here you will outline the topic in greater detail making sure basic questions the reader may have are carefully answered. You could maybe draw upon a personal experience to better convey your message. Finally, you will need a conclusion to your topic. This is a brief summary of your article and a call for the reader to take action. How do they find out more Where can they buy/bookOnce you have completed your press release ensure you proof read it and read it out loud and if necessary make any required edits. Once you are happy with the article you can then distribute it to your chosen media list. Publicity stunts A magician seeking publicity in the 1900’s had himself strapped into a straitjacket and hung upside down off the roof of a building. Through word of mouth and promotion 50,000 people gathered and eagerly watched him escape and return to safety. The name of the magician was Harry Houdini. A century later, another magician seeking publicity had himself locked into a glass box and hung for 44 days from a spot located next to the Tower of London Bridge, his feat of endurance attracted huge crowds, and an estimated 10,000 people were there to see him come out. That magician was David Blaine. These two individuals from different times in history had one thing in common; they both used a publicity stunt to raise their public profile. Publicity stunts have been around as long as people have wanted attention. Richard Branson built his empire through various effective Publicity stunts. He broke a few records in his hot air balloon emblazoned with branded Virgin advertising. An effecti ve publicity stunt carried out by your business will boost your public image and improve sales of your product. Public Relations, advertising and marketing are in essence part of the same dance. All three appear to be selling something and all three overlap in some ways. The ultimate goal never the less is the same – all are designed to influence the perceptions, actions, and/or behaviours of a group of people. There’s a famous saying that illustrates these differences. If the circus is coming to town and you paint a sign that says: â€Å"circus coming to the fairground Saturday† that’s advertising. If you put the sign on the back of an elephant and walk him into tow, that’s promotion. If the elephant walks through the mayor’s flowerbed, that’s publicity. If you can get the mayor to laugh about it, that’s public relations. And if you planned the elephants walk, that’s marketing. Effective press releases and publicity stunts can do wonders for a struggling business in this harsh economic climate. In order to improve sales and boost your public image your business will have to reach a wider audience. And the only way to do this is to be everywhere your potential clients are. You have to create an awareness of your product or service on a wider scale. This can only be done through effective Public Relations. Reference Suley Khan is the C.E.O of Free-st8 PR, a subsidiary of Freest8 Entertainment and owner of www.freest8.com Author of â€Å"PR tips for increased exposure† newsletter. To subscribe, enter your information at: www.freest8.com How to cite How can an effective PR campaign sell your products?, Essay examples

Cloud Based Service for M2M Communication

Question: Write a report about the Cloud Based Service for M2M Communication. Answer: 1 Abstract We have long since left behind the simplistic machines and tools that simply relied on human effort and amplified it. Instead, we are now looking forward to an era wherein humans increasingly move towards occupying a supervisory role only in our day-to-day activities, whereas the task of actually working falls on machines. Therefore, we are continually striving to make machines more intelligent, more autonomous, and more human-like. In this endeavour, we have achieved some measure of success as far as automation goes, and this is reliant on computer systems and information exchange which is facilitated by the development of machine-to-machine communication technology. Just as a single human cannot ever hope to achieve what a large number of humans pooling together their knowledge and effort can, so does the same concept apply to machines. Computers can use pooling of resources such as processing power and share information amongst each other in exponentially increase their productiv ity. The Internet-of-Things, M2M communication, and Cloud Based Services in the context of these concepts, have been discussed further in this report. 2 Introduction Communication has always been an extremely important part of our lives. The exchange of ideas and information allows us to expand our knowledge, combine it, and accomplish much more than a single individual ever could. It can be said that the very fabric binding together human society is communication; from primitive and instinctual body language to modern, well defined spoken language, as well as other forms of communication adapted to serve different needs everyone relies on exchanging information to go about their daily lives. But this is not limited to exchanging information between just humans. In the modern age, we rely heavily on machines. (Cackovic et al., 2012). Our application of science and technology to modify the world around us is what has allowed humanity to dominate all life on Earth and bend nature to our will. Our machines, in turn, also need to communicate. Thus arise the differentiation between Human-Human interaction, Human-Machine Interaction, and Machine-Machi ne Interaction. 3 Materials Method 3.1 M2M Communication Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication refers to any exchange of messages or data directly between two or more devices over any communication channel, wired or wireless, without involving human actions to facilitate or supervise the said interaction. The concept of M2M communication developed from telemetry the practice of automating the transmission of recorded data from sensors via programmable computers installed at remote locations to central hubs of data analysis where the data collected from a large number of remote locations is stored, analysed and otherwise processed. While telemetry was initially used only in pure applications of science and engineering, it has rapidly expanded to be used in a variety of different applications, including such everyday appliances like remote controlled home heating systems and internet controlled household appliances. The Internet-of-Things is thus directly related to the development of M2M communication. (Wu et al, 2011). Therefore, we can say that despite there not existing any formal standards for M2M communication, it is still used extensively in a variety of applications and there is a significant potential for growth. M2M communication was conceived during the mid-20th century in the form of early versions of the modern Caller ID system on landline telephone services, wherein a system was developed to transmit the callers identity to the receiver. It was then rapidly adopted by various telephone companies as well as other communications services. Towards the 21st century, M2M communication could be seen in technologies such as cell phone SIMs, global positioning system (GPS), embedded Java applications, and so on. In the 21st century, M2M communication is much more widespread, with its presence seen in fields such as manufacturing, robotics, computer networks, wireless tools and sensors, spacecraft, and grid based systems, in order to achieve efficient communication and exchange of information. The various end-user applications that rely on M2M communication now include logistics, car safety, smart metering, healthcare, fleet management, and so on, in addition to all previous applications. (Wang e t al., 2012). Cloud applications and services are the latest adoptees of M2M communication technology and employ it to provide various remote machine management options in the form of the Platform-as-a-Service model. 3.2 Internet of Things The Internet of Things refers to a visionary concept wherein every conceivable object that humans interact with is connected to a network via a combination of electronics, software, sensors, and network connectivity resources. The end result is that humans gain the capability to remotely monitor and control physical objects easily. Therefore, the Internet of Things allows the physical world to become highly interlinked with the digital world, leading to a greater degree of control and accessibility over it. This, in turn, is expected to lead to improvements in efficiency, accuracy and economy. The effective range of objects covered by the word things in Internet of Things is huge, encompassing everything from personal computing devices, biometric implants and healthcare services, and vehicles to household appliances such as lights, fans, heating systems, and washing machines, farm animals and crop monitoring systems, food pathogen sensors, and streetlights. Current M2M communication based systems are seen as a precursor to the envisioned level of device connectivity in the Internet of Things. (Rost et al., 2014). Examples of current applications of such technology and concepts are smart home appliances such as smart thermostats and Wi-Fi controlled washing machines, remote health monitoring devices, and smart security systems with Internet connectivity. Many of the technologies that have led to the growth of the concept of Internet of Things are closely associated with M2M Communication, and in the present context, M2M Communication is seen as the vanguard for development of Internet of Things. That is to say that it is expected that as devices and applications relying on M2M communication develop, and as standardization and improvements in M2M communication come into place, it will slowly develop closer and closer to the vision of Internet of Things, gradually transitioning from M2M communication to a detailed, intelligent connectivity of devices. (Elmangoush et al., 2013). Such technologies as are propelling this though include RFID, Near Field Communication (NFC), Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), ZigBee, IPv6, Wireless LAN and Wi-Fi, and LTE-Advanced. 3.3 Relevance of IPv6 IPv6 or Internet Protocol version 6 is the latest version of the Internet Protocol that performs the task of identification and location of computer systems in the Internet. IPv6 was developed specifically in order to replace the older version of the Internet Protocol, IPv4. The main cause of taking this measure is the issue of IP Address exhaustion in IPv4 which started off during the explosive popularity of internet commercialization in the 1980s, was delayed by the development of new address space optimization technologies during the 1990s, and has again resurged in the face of the staggering growth of devices capable of internet connectivity. Adoption of IPv6 is especially seen as a necessity for achieving the aims of the Internet of Things. (Wan et al., 2012). The original IPv4 protocol contains about 4.3 billion addresses and allocation of the addresses is managed by Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) globally, which in turn sub-sets the address space into distinct blocks assigned to five regional internet registries (RIR) over the world. Network Address Translation (NAT) and Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) were developed in the year 1993 in order to delay the onset of address space exhaustion. IPv6 was developed in 1998 and has since been undergoing a process of slow adoption and integration. In the case of IPv6, nearly 3.4 x 1038 addresses are supported by it, which is much more than the capacity of IPv4 by several orders of magnitude (nearly 1029 times greater). The envisioned Internet of Things involves connecting a huge number of devices to the internet, which includes many devices which currently do not even carry any on-board computer systems or network connectivity, not to mention the proposed development of such technology as on-body micro or nano devices for health monitoring and other similar devices which would purportedly improve quality of human life. (Foschini et al., 2011). All devices connected to the internet will require a unique address, and since the IPv4 address space has already approached exhaustion, it is inevitable that without IPv6, achieving such wide-spread internet connectivity will be impossible. 3.4 Cloud-Based Services Cloud based services have very rapidly emerged as the leading technology and service market in the field of Information Technology over the past decade. Cloud services rely heavily on M2M communication and can be considered the vanguard of breakthroughs in corporate and industry level M2M communication applications. A Cloud-based service works on the concept of making a remotely located software, infrastructure or platform accessible to clients on their local computing devices in the form of a subscription based service. The client is able to use the service to perform any and all operations related to the underlying software, infrastructure or platform as if the client actually owned that technology and it were present locally. In reality, the client is only presented with a control interface using which the client interacts with the service providers servers and all actual processing occurs on the server side. (Chen12 et al., 2012). The service providers employ very heavy duty comp uter hardware in conjunction with latest networking and virtualizing technology, including both software and hardware, to deliver these services to their clients, generally over the Internet. M2M communication is intrinsically tied to cloud based services in that all cloud based services depend heavily on networking services. Modern computer networks, in turn, rely on protocols, hardware, firmware, and software that facilitates transmission of data from one end to the other without any supervision from humans which is the very definition of M2M communication. Many leading information technology service providers as well as newly established companies have launched a variety of cloud based tools using which users can create their own cloud-based service applications. These tools provide a large number of independent functionalities that are supported by the service providers back-end infrastructure which can be combined by developers into various packages and integrated into other software technologies to create a new, unique cloud-based service. A leading example of this is the Google App Engine. 3.5 Google App Engine The Google App Engine (GAE) is a Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) cloud computing platform by Google. It is used for designing, developing and hosting cloud service web applications. The applications themselves are hosted on Google managed data centres and operate using resources provided by Googles servers. The platform adopts a sandboxing approach to allow applications to run independently and securely, while allocating resources dynamically to meet demand. Hence, as the demand on resources by an application increases, so do the allocated resources. (Chin et al., 2014). GAE supports the programming languages Python, Java, Go, PHP, and other JVM languages such as Groovy, Scala, Clojure, JRuby, etc. A number of Python web frameworks work using the GAE, such as Django, Pyramid, web2py, CherryPy, and so on. GAE is notable for providing more infrastructure than comparable platforms for designing and hosting web services, but it places more limitations on the applications thus resulting in a smaller subset of applications being supported for an equivalent framework. 4 Results Over the course of preparing this report, a number of interesting concepts were studied in detail. The detailed history of the emergence of M2M communication, how it first started developing as a means of identifying transmission sources in telephonic applications, the development of more sophisticate M2M communication applications, development of the Internet and expansion of M2M communication into the Internet of Things, were studied in great detail. This shed light on how many technologies that have become commonplace today, such as computer networks, cloud based services, and the internet itself, came to be and the direction of development they may take in the future. It was a novel experience to uncover the roots of such well known terms. On the other hand, cloud based services are often discussed in daily life, but their true usage has remained obscured. While studying for and collecting information for this report, many of these obscurities were cleared away. (Hu et al., 2012). The underlying market models and service technologies used by cloud service providers, and the reason why cloud services have jumped up into such a gigantic market force, were revealed. By studying Google Cloud Engine, a cloud-based service application development platform, many intricacies of actually implementing a cloud-based service were understood. 5 Discussion While this report covered a general overview of the various background details and technologies involved and associated with M2M communication, this field is quite broad. It is, moreover, one of the few fields related to science and technology that, though conceived so long ago, still lack standardization and mass awareness. This represents that there is a lot of scope for work to be done in this field. The reason why research in this field has remained rather slow is probably because our level of technology has thus far been placing limitations on the practical applications of M2M communication. This can either be a lack of sufficiently advanced hardware or software, or perhaps the lack of a market for such applications. However, it can also be observed that recent developments in automation and computer networking seem to indicate that the status quo is changing. M2M communication may well become the hottest topic of research soon enough. (Chin et al., 2014). The rapidly emerging f ace of cloud-based services has already propelled interest in M2M communication to a new height. This report has only been able to cover a part of the whole picture. For future such research work, it may be a good idea to explore a multitude of cloud service providers and cloud based applications, and dig into concepts such as the Internet of Things itself, smart security and housing systems, automated traffic control systems, remote medical assistance systems, and so on, as these are all potential markets for M2M based communication applications. 6Conclusion Regardless of whether we speak about humans or machines, communication occupies a position of unshakable importance. Communication controls the exchange of information, ideas, and knowledge, and is necessary to establish any form of cooperation. This cooperation can extend to connect workers on a very large scale, who can mutually assist each other in accomplishing targets much beyond the scope of a single worker. These workers, in turn, can also be either humans or machines. In the approaching era of widespread automation and heavy reliance on information sharing, our machines must be improved to become better able to handle tasks that involve such cooperation. The ultimate goal of advancement in science and technology is to improve the quality of human life, and as this quality of life improves, humans will inevitably move to occupy roles which are more creative, abstract, and supervisory in nature, while delegating the lower order tasks to their machines. 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